Google Sets 2029 Quantum Deadline as Ethereum and Solana Act First

Google has set a deadline of 2029 to complete its post-quantum cryptography migration, a move that comes as a result of rapid progress in quantum computing hardware and error correction. The company warns that advances in these areas have made the threat more immediate than previously assumed.

The 2029 target is earlier than other industry estimates for Q-Day, the point at which a quantum computer could break current public-key encryption. Google stated that quantum computers will pose a threat specifically to encryption and digital signatures, and that the migration is necessary for users to authenticate securely.

Ethereum and Solana are already taking steps to prepare for this transition. The Ethereum Foundation has launched a Post-Quantum Ethereum resource hub that focuses on securing the network against future quantum threats. Meanwhile, Solana developers created a quantum-resistant vault on the network in January 2025 using a hash-based signature system.

Bitcoin's path is less defined, with some arguing that quantum risks are overstated and no action is needed for decades. However, security researchers have proposed Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 360 to protect addresses from short-exposure quantum attacks.