Layer 1 Blockchains Navigate the Blockchain Trilemma

Layer 1 blockchains are a type of decentralized network that processes and finalizes transactions on its own chain using its own consensus rules and validators.

These networks face the challenge of balancing decentralization, scalability, and security, as described by the blockchain trilemma. The Layer 1 sector has exceeded $2.96 trillion in total market capitalization in November 2025, with Ethereum remaining the center of gravity for DeFi and NFT infrastructure.

Other notable players include Solana, which captures consumer-scale adoption through speed and low fees, and BNB Chain, which drives mass adoption through accessibility. The rise of stablechains, purpose-built Layer 1 networks optimized for stablecoin execution and settlement, has also been a significant trend in 2025.